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.86 BWM, 25 Oct 1801.SM, June 1796, 167; Sept 1811, 270.87 BWM, 24 Oct 1813.SM, March 1808, 278–9; Sept 1810, 256.88 Bell’s, 5 Oct 1834.SM, March 1793, 367; Nov 1793, 83–4.89 SM, Sept 1806, 251.90 SM, June 1802, 163–4; March 1804, 337; June 1811, 105–106; Nov 1815, 72.91 SM, June 1797, 129–31; April 1803, 19.92 BWM, 23 Sept 1804.93 MM, 1 Jan 1793.94 MM, 11 Nov 1800.95 Jackson’s, 17 Aug 1793, 17 March 1810.96 J.Stevenson (1977a) ‘Social control and the prevention of riots in England 1789–1829’, in A.Donajgrodzki (ed.) Social Control in Nineteenth Century Britain, London: Croom Helm, pp.40, 46–7.97 D.Eastwood (1985) Governing Rural England: Authority and Social Order in Oxfordshire 1780–1840, D.Phil.Oxford, pp.189, 195.98 Brailsford, Bareknuckles, p.48.99 SM, Feb 1804, 287.100 BWM, 14 Aug 1796.SM, Jan 1794, 222; June 1799, 129; Sept 1801, 326; Oct 1801, 43; June 1806, 135–6.101 SM, May 1799, 107.102 J.Ford (1972) Cricket: A Social History 1700–1835, Newton Abbot: David and Charles, pp.129–30.SM, Oct 1813, 24.Times, 3 June 1799.103 SM, Oct 1801, 45.Fear of possible disorder led to the Derby and Oaks horse races being held at Newmarket.D.Birley (1993) Sport and the Making of Britain, Manchester: Manchester University Press, p.155.104 WMC, 29 Oct 1814.105 G.Borrow (1851) Lavengro, London: John Murray, i, pp.327–8.Carr, Fox-hunting, p.219.106 Dyck, William Cobbett, pp.20–21.107 BWM, 30 Sept 1804.SM, Oct 1792, 16; Sept 1806, 261, 264–5; Nov 1808, 63–6; April 1811, 38.Times, 10 Oct 1811.108 BWM, 10 Jan 1808.109 SM, May 1814, 91; July 1815, 147; Dec 1815, 142; contra the French, Jan 1808, 195.110 G.B.Buckley (1937) Fresh Light on Pre-Victorian Cricket 1709–1837, Birmingham: Cotterell, p.53.V.Kiernan (1988) The Duel in European History, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp.187–9.SM, April 1798, 34–6; June 1798, 151–2; May 1799, 92; Nov 1803, 63; March 1804, 297–8; Aug 1804, 272.Van Muyden, Foreign View of England, p.212.111SM, May 1803, 69.112 Kiernan, Duel, pp.6, 15, 152–3.113 SM, May 1803, 70.114 SM, Sept 1809, 257.115 SM, May 1808, 57–9; Sept 1808, 250; Oct 1810, 1–3.116 SM, March 1804, 300; Oct 1814, 29–30.The Law and Sport, 1793–181581117 BWM, 23 Aug 1807.T.Parkyns (1727) The Inn-Play or Cornish-hugg Wrestling, London, p.v.118 BWM, 23 Aug 1807.119 SM, Jan 1805, 171–2.WD, 15 May 1803.120 SM, Jan 1805, 171.121 SM, Feb 1808, 265; March 1808, 322; May 1808, 73–4, 96–7; Aug 1811, 242.122 SM, May 1811, 80.123 SM, Aug 1800, 235.124 SM, Jan 1794, 167–8; July 1810, 166.125 BWM, 11 Aug 1805.SM, Oct 1802, 17; Dec 1807, 148.126 BWM, 10 May 1812, 22 Oct 1815.127 SM, Oct 1811, 20.128 SM, Oct 1815, 44.129 BWM, 20 May 1798.130 SM, Aug 1809, 214–15; Oct 1811, 44.131 SM, Aug 1801, 231.132 SM, Feb 1809, 239.133 Emsley, British Society and the French Wars, p.169.134 Bell’s, 10 Jan 1808.135 SM, Aug 1803, 267.136 SM, Sept 1806, 276–7; Feb 1808, 266.137 SM, Dec 1792, 172; April 1794, 116; Dec 1794, 144.138 SM, Sept 1809, 292; Oct 1809, 25.139 SM, Dec 1813, 143–4; Oct 1815, 42–3.140 SM, Feb 1809, 249.141 SM, Oct 1815, 1–4.142 SM, Nov 1810, 70–71.143 Thomas, Natural World, pp.164–5.144 SM, Dec 1795, 120; Oct 1810, 29; Aug 1812, 280.145 BWM, 15 Oct 1809.Bovill, Nimrod and Surtees, p.103.SM, July 1809, 157–9.146 SM, Nov 1810, 71; Aug 1811, 222–3.147 SM, May 1810, 83; Sept 1810, 269; Nov 1810, 72; Nov 1812, 57–8.148 SM, May 1810, 83.149 BWM, 11 Aug 1811.150 SM, Aug 1811, 222–3.This page intentionally left blankChapter 5You Can All Join In:The Law and Sport, 1816–50This, the second half of our consideration of the role of government in the supervision of sport, considers the years between 1816 and 1850.It consists of two parts, the first of which concentrates on the impact of national influences –Parliament, monarch and the military; the second part assesses the behaviour of the principal facets of local administration, both government and courts.National Influences on SportParliament and SportAs we have seen, during the French wars there were few attempts to legislate against sport.From the early 1830s increasing attention was paid to new, primarily urban, concerns, especially the dislocation resulting from industrialization.This was often referred to as the ‘condition of England question’, a pervasive perspective, that found expression in literature, particularly novels, parliamentary enquiries, and the speeches of politicians.It was typified by Carlyle’s declaration that there were no green fields in Manchester.1 The concerns excited by such perspectives transformed the way sport, and recreation generally, were perceived, with many groups acknowledging it to have an important role in society, thus necessitating some form of intervention.The groups’ reasons for involvement can be broadly divided into six categories, the discussion of which follows.Organized religion, especially the Evangelical branches of Protestantism, provided a strong incentive for intervention.They can be broadly divided into two types.The Sabbatarians were principally concerned with curbing the number of activities on Sunday.By contrast, both the Methodists and the Temperance Movement offered alternative entertainments and were often heavily involved in secular affairs.2 A second group were the industrialists.While they had a variety of intentions, these were usually related to economic self interest, and often involved the replacement of more disruptive forms of recreation with subdued varieties, in order to increase labour discipline.3 A third group consisted of educated elements of the working class, especially those who are sometimes referred to as the ‘labouraristocracy’
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