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.Machiavelli, The Prince, 2nd ed., trans.H.C.Mansfield (Chicago: Univer-sity of Chicago Press, 1998), 38.8.J.Pieper, The Four Cardinal Virtues (Notre Dame, Ind.: University ofNotre Dame Press, 1966), 10, 18.185 186 Notes to Pages 4 89.Aquinas, Summa Theologica, 2: 37 41.10.C.Krauthammer, Democratic Realism: An American Foreign Policy for aUnipolar World (Washington, D.C.: AEI Press, 2004).11.W.Kristol and R.Kagan, Toward a Neo-Reaganite Foreign Policy, For-eign Affairs (July/August 1996): 18 32.12.G.Weigel, The Cube and the Cathedral: Europe, America, and Politicswithout God (New York: Basic Books, 2005), 99 107.1.The Imprudence of Isolationism1.N.Podhoretz, The War against World War IV, Commentary 119, no.5 (February 2005): 23; C.Krauthammer, In Defense of Democratic Realism, National Interest 77 (Fall 2004): 15 25.2.E.Rostow, Toward Managed Peace: The National Security Interests of theUnited States, 1759 to the Present (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1993), 53251.3.Isolationism comes, of course, in several variations.Eric Nordlinger rep-resents the more liberal and academic tradition of isolationism.See, e.g., E.Nord-linger, Isolationism Reconfigured: American Foreign Policy for a New Century(Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1995).Unlike conservative isolationists,Nordlinger believes in promoting democracy and human rights.His policy pre-scriptions, however, would yield the same disasters as those of conservative isola-tionists, because he and they overestimate the cost of America s role in the worldand the catastrophic consequences of the strategic withdrawal isolationists urge.4.Buchanan s two major books on American foreign policy are the mostdeliberate, detailed, and extensive expositions of his views.P.J.Buchanan, A Re-public, Not an Empire: Reclaiming America s Destiny (Washington, D.C.: RegneryPublishing, 1999); P.J.Buchanan, Where the Right Went Wrong: How Neoconser-vatives Subverted the Reagan Revolution and Hijacked the Bush Presidency (NewYork: Thomas Dunne Books, 2004).5.P.Kennedy, The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers (1987; rept., New York:Vintage, 1989).6.For an excellent recent account of the Founders idealism in the realm offoreign affairs, see B.Bailyn, To Begin the World Anew: The Genius and Ambigui-ties of the American Founders (New York: Alfred A.Knopf, 2003), 60 99.7.J.Q.Adams, 4th of July Address (1821).8.A.DeConde, A History of American Foreign Policy, 2nd ed.(New York:Charles Scribner s Sons, 1962), 40 71.9.G.Washington, Farewell Address, in M.Spalding and P.J.Garrity, ASacred Union of Citizens: George Washington s Farewell Address and the AmericanCharacter (Lanham, Md.: Rowman and Littlefield, 1996), 175 88.This book re-ally surpasses Felix Gilbert s work as the definitive interpretation of the Farewell Notes to Pages 9 14 187Address.See also F.Gilbert, To the Farewell Address: Ideas in Early AmericanForeign Policy (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1961).10.For an authoritative explanation of the contingent nature of the Europeanbalance of power, see E.V.Gulick, Europe s Classical Balance of Power (Ithaca:Cornell University Press, 1955).11.W.S.Churchill, British Foreign Policy in Europe (March 1936), in R.R.James, ed., Winston Churchill: His Complete Speeches, 1897 1963 (London: Chel-sea House, 1974), 6: 5694 97.12.For one of the very best books on the diplomacy of the formative years, seeR.W.Tucker and D.C.Hendrickson, Empire of Liberty: The Statecraft of ThomasJefferson (New York: Oxford University Press, 1990).For an excellent account ofthe Washington administration s diplomacy, see F.McDonald, The Presidency ofGeorge Washington (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1974), 67 186.13.S.F.Bemis, A Diplomatic History of the United States, 2nd ed.(New York:Henry Holt, 1942), 137.14.Rostow, Toward Managed Peace, 115 23.15.Quoted in Tucker and Hendrickson, Empire of Liberty, 329.16.For an outstanding new book on American diplomacy during the forma-tive period that is congenial to my interpretation, see Robert Kagan, DangerousNation: America s Place in the World from Its Earliest Days to the Dawn of theTwentieth Century (New York: Alfred A.Knopf, 2006), esp.104 29.17.For an extended account of his theories and policy implications, see H.J.Mackinder, Democratic Ideals and Reality (New York: Norton, 1962).18.For the most respectable revisionist accounts of American entry intoWorld War I, see N.Ferguson, The Pity of War: Explaining World War I (NewYork: Basic Books, 2000), and T.Fleming, The Illusion of Victory: America inWorld War I (New York: Basic Books, 2004).19.F.Fischer, Germany s Aims in the First World War (New York: Norton,1967); D.Fromkin, Europe s Last Summer: Who Started the Great War in 1914?(New York: Alfred A.Knopf, 2004); D.Kagan, On the Origins of War and thePreservation of Peace (New York: Doubleday, 1995).20.M.Howard, The Great War: Mystery or Error, National Interest 64(Summer 2001): 83.21.J.M.Cooper Jr
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