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.The man in the middle would like to say something but is holding back his opinion, shown by his selfrestraint gesture of gripping the arms of thechair and locked ankles.He has also issued a non-verbal challenge to the man on theright by pointing his body at him.Figure 178In this scene the man on the left and the woman have mirrored eachother s gestures and are forming bookends on the couch.The couple are veryinterested in each other and have positioned their hands in such a way that they canexpose their wrists and they have crossed their legs toward one another.The man in themiddle has a tightlipped smile which can make him appear interested in what the otherman has to say but it is not consistent with his other facial and body gestures.His headis down (disapproval) his eyebrows are also down (anger) and he is giving the other man a sideways glance.In addition to this, his arms and legs are tightly crossed(defensive), all indicating that he has a very negative attitude.Figure 179The man on the left is using an excellent gesture cluster to conveyopenness and honesty - exposed palms, foot forward, head up, coat unbuttoned, armsand legs apart, leaning forward and smiling gestures.Unfortunately for him, however,his story is not going across.The woman is sitting back in her chair with her legscrossed away (defensive), she has a partial arm-barrier (defensive), a clenched fist(hostile), head down and is using the critical evaluation gesture (hand to face).The manin the middle is using the raised steeple gesture, indicating that he feels confident orsuperior, and he is sitting in the figure 4 leg position, showing that his attitude iscompetitive or argumentative.We assume that his overall attitude is negative, as he issitting back, his head down. The following three figures show a party scene that demonstrates typical defence,aggression and courtship gesture clusters.Figure 180 The three people all have their arms folded, two have their legs crossed(defensive) and all have their bodies oriented away from each other, all indicating thatthey have just met for the first time.The man on the right is very interested in thewoman as he has turned his right foot around to point at her and he is giving her asideways glance, combined with raised eyebrows (interest) and a smile; he is leaningtowards her with the upper part of his body.Figure 181The non-verbal attitudes have changed.The woman has uncrossed herlegs and is standing in a neutral position, while the man on the left of the sequence hasuncrossed his legs and is pointing one foot at her (interest).He is using thethumbs-in-belt gesture which is intended either for the other man, in which case theattitude is one of aggression, or for the benefit of the woman, making it a sexual signal.He is also standing straighter to make himself appear bigger.The man on the rightseems to have become intimidated by the other man, as seen by his more erect stance,and he is giving the man on the left a sideways glance combined with eyebrows down(disapproval) and his smile has gone. Figure 182The attitudes and emotions of those people are now clearly shown bytheir gestures.The man on the left has kept his thumbs-in-belt, foot-forward positionand has turned his body slightly towards the woman, making it a complete courtshipdisplay.His thumbs are also gripping his belt much tighter to make the gesture more noticeable and his body has become even more erect.The woman is responding to thiscourtship display with her own, showing that she is interested in being involved withthe man.She has uncrossed her arms, turned her body toward him and is pointing onefoot at him.Her courtship gestures include hair touching, exposed wrists, chest forwardwith exposed cleavage and positive facial expression, and she is blowing her cigarettesmoke upwards (confidence).The man on the right appears unhappy about beingexcluded and is using the hands-on-hips gesture (aggressive readiness) to show hisdispleasure.In summary, the man on the left has won the woman s attentions and the other manshould look elsewhere for a partner. ReferencesArdrey, R., The Territorial Imperative, Collins, London, 1967Argyle, M., The Psychology of Interpersonal Behaviour, Penguin Books, 1967Argyle, M., Bodily Communication, Methuen, London, 1975Argyle, M., Shills with People: A Guide for Managers, Hutchinson, London, 1973Argyle, M., Training Managers, The Acton Society Trust, London, 1962Argyle, M., Social Interaction, Methuen, London, 1968Bacon, A.M
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