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.From this 244 BEASTS OF THE APOCALYPSEtrain of thought came his book Rebirth of the Jewish People inthe Holy Land of Their Ancestors (1883).Dr.Isaac Rulf, of Memel, followed in the footsteps of Pinsker.His book, Arukat Bat Ammi ( The Healing of My People ),carried the Khazar Jewish philosophy of Zionism to EuropeanJewry.Yishub Erez Yisrael (the Resettlement of the Land ofIsrael) gripped the Orthodox Jews of Frankfort-on-the-Main andBerlin, rearousing the ancient dream of the Messiah and thepromises of the Covenant.Asher Ginzberg (who wrote under the name of Ahad ha-Am),brought vitality to Chovevi Zion.In Derek ha- Hayyim ( TheWay of Life ) he emphasized Israel s mission and the preparationthat was necessary to its attainment.He proposed a sort of central committee or society, that was to be untrammeled inits activities and selected for its quality rather than its num-bers.He was calling for leaders ; a sort of general staff tolead the Israelites back to the promised land. Lishkot , or lodgeswere organized in many Russian cities, and the society took thesignificant name of Bene Mosheh ( Sons of Moses ).Out ofthese efforts came the Rehobot colony in Palestine, the CarmelWine Company, the publication society Ahiasof, and the Hebrewmagazine, Ha-Shiloah.In 1874 a first attempt was made to estab-lish a Jewish agricultural colony in Palestine.In 1882 Jewishimmigrants from Russia and Romania settled at Rishon Le-Ziyyonand Wadi el-Hanin in Judea, Rosh Pinnah in Galilee, and ZikronYaakob in Samaria.It is said that Baron Edmund de Rothschild spent between sixtyand seventy million francs in financing early colonization of theJews in Palestine.In 1899 he made a gift to the Palestinian Jewsof whatever interest he still retained in the Jewish ColonizationAssociation.In 1907 the colonies were surrendered to the colon-ists together with the burdens of self-government.Theodor Herzl wrote the Judenstaat ( Jewish State ) in Parisin 1895.Although this work was to give Zionism its real impetus,the doctrines set forth were not new.It incorporates the basicideas of Jewish writers from Hess to Asher Ginsberg.The societyKadimah in Vienna, founded by Nathan Birnbaum in the eightieshad long been imbued with Jewish nationalism and Neo-Messian-ism.This society immediately supported Herzl s views and pro-posed a Society of Jews to carry on the plan set forth in Juden-staat .The English Jew, Israel Zangwill, became interested inHerzl s ideas, and arranged for Herzl to address the Maccabaeansin London.Herzl accepted and made the address July 6, 1896.The first edition of Judenstaat appeared in Vienna the same year.In May of 1896, a secret emissary of the Turkish Sultan, theChevalier de Newlinsky, was sent to Herzl with the offer of a BEASTS OF THE APOCALYPSE245charter for Palestine in return for the ending of the Europeanpress campaign against the Sultan because of the Armeniandifficulties.* * * * * *The Jewish Encyclopedia states that socialism in Russia becamea movement of the Jewish masses. The Jewish labor movementdeveloped in stride with both Zionism and communism.Thefirst Jewish labor organizations came into existence in the eightiesin Lithuania in Vilna, and other cities, and, as there were nolabor association in Russia or Poland, the Lithuanian movementappears to be the first.Its recruits came from Jewish working-men engaged in handicrafts.In the nineties the movement spreadto the manufacturing centers of Lithuania and Poland Bialystok,Smorgen, Warsaw and Lodz.The first strikes for fewer hours,wage increases, and working conditions followed.Jewish intel-lectuals, many of whom had received university educations abroad,and had been attracted to revolutionary doctrines, guided the labormovement along the lines of European social democracy asestablished by Marx and Lassalle, thus creating the ideologicalbackground for the Russian revolutionary movement.* * * * * *Two important Jewish organizations were created in 1897.Onewas the Jewish Socialist Bund or Jewish Labor Federation ofLithuania and Paland {Judischer Arbeiter-Bund von Littauen undPolen), and the other was the World Zionist Organization.Thefirst organized for the destruction of all Christian governments,and the second organized for the conquest of Palestine and theworld!The First Zionist Congress was held in August, 1897, in Basel,Switzerland.The Congress declared: The object of Zionism isto establish for the Jewish people a publicly and legally assuredhome in Palestine .This terse statement asked no favors; offeredno petition to the Palestinian Arabs; begged leave of no one!It made the demand as a matter of right! Moreover, it demandedthat the world recognize and legalize that right.At the outsetthe movement was political, but its claim to Palestine was rootedin Jewry s Neo-Messianism, which is the essence of Judaism.Theunderlying purpose of the Zionists became more and more ap-parent as alternative offers from sympathetic Christian govern-ments for a home in other parts of the world were spurned.Nowhere but Palestine! Nothing less than Zion!A Jewish settlement in El-Arish, a strip of territory south ofPalestine under Anglo-Egyptian administration, was certainly avail-able, but it was refused.The Portugese Republican governmentoffered a tract of land in Angola in 1912.The British governmentoffered land in East Africa, but the Zionists were not interested.Only Palestine was Zionism! 246 BEASTS OF THE APOCALYPSEBehind the ideas of Moses Hess, Leo Pinsker and Theodore Herzlwas the Covenant, a deep, ingrained sense of race superiority,and the ultimate destiny of the Sons of Abraham.The propaganda,for Gentile consumption, did not deceive the Zionists.Had theybeen sincere in a desire for a home , anyone of the proposedlands would have sufficed.The refusal of these offers reveals theNeo-Messianism behind the movement.* * * * * *On the partition of the Roman Empire in A.D.395, Palestinefell to the Empire of the East.For more than 200 years thereafterthe country enjoyed a pastoral peace.The restless, intriguing Jewwas gone, and a quiet serenity lay over the ancient land.Chris-tians from all over Europe made difficult pilgrimages to worshipat the sacred places where the Savior had walked, healed the sick,and taught the way to salvation for all mankind.Palestine wasthen part of Syria.In A.D.611 the peace of the Holy Land was broken by thethunder of war, as the armies of Chosroes II, King of Persiajoined by the Jews, invaded Syria.They swept over the countrylike devouring locusts, plundering and destroying everything in theirpath.Jerusalem was taken.The Church of the Holy Sepulcherwas razed to the ground, and its treasures carried off in triumph.Not a church or a cross was left standing in the land.The Emperor Heraclius reconquered the lost territory in 628,returning it to the Byzantine Empire.Abu Bekr, who succeeded Mohammed, gathering the tribes ofArabia, carried the crescent into the fertile province of Syria.Heraclius was defeated in his very first engagement with AbuBekr.Bostra fell and the Moslems marched on Damascus.AbuBekr died before the siege of the city, but it fell to his successor,Omar, seventy days later (A.D.634).Caesarea, Sebusteh (Sam-aria), Nablus (Schechem), Lydda and Jaffa fell under the on-slaught of the Mohammedans.Meanwhile Heraclius gathered anew army and again marched against the Arabs (636).At theYarmuk River, battle was joined and Heraclius army was utterlydefeated.Omar marched on Jerusalem, which capitulated aftera feeble resistance
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