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.Lumber that is 2× is actually 11 2" inthickness and the second measurementwill be slightly less than the numbershown, too.How much less? For numbers39How DimEnsiOnalLumbeR MEAsuRes UPNOMINAL ACTUAL NOMINALACTUAL311×2D4" × 1D2" 2×211D12" × 1D2"311×3D4" × 2D2" 2×311D12" × 2D2"311×4D4" × 3D2" 2×411D12" × 3D2"311×6D4" × 5D2" 2×611D12" × 5D2"311×8D4" × 7D4" 2×811D12" × 7D4"311×10D4" × 9D4" 2×1011D12" × 9D4"311×12D4" × 11D4" 2×1211D12" × 11D4" The use of the6 and under, the actual size of the piecestraightedge portionDis a 1 2" less in width, so a 2×4 is actuallyof the combinationD D11 2" × 31 2".For the numbers above 6,square will help tosuch as 8, 10 and 12, the actual width willidentify any cuppingD in the board.Returnbe 3 4" less.It seems confusing but it is acupped boards tostandard within the industry.the stack and selectDifferent species that fall into this cate-others!gory are treated lumber, SPF (spruce, pineor fir), hemlock and yellow pine.Depend-ing on your area you might have one orall of these selections.Do you want to usethis material for your projects? Some-times you might.Treated lumber is meant to be usedoutside.This is most often seen as deckmaterial.If I were building a table for mydeck I would consider using this material,however, I would have some reservations.Lumber intended for this use is treatedwith a type of chemical that helps pre-serve the wood when it is exposed to theelements.It is not for interior use.Takeproper precautions when working withthis stock.The balance of the selections can beused in furniture, but there is some-thing to consider.This lumber can have ahigher level of moisture content (around19 percent).Moisture is not a friend ofwoodworking.Once a finished projectis brought into the house moisture willdry or evaporate, which causes shrinkageacross the width of the board (the lengthchanges only minutely).That could resultin your project having splits and cracks.Looking down the edge of any board will help to uncover any defects in the lumber such as twisting, warping or crowning.40 If you plan to use this wood in your Picking & Choosing or if it is touching only on both ends andproject, OK.Just let it dry or acclimate to Now that we know the type of lumber for there is space between the piece and thethe surroundings before beginning.If which we are searching, we have to deter- floor in the middle of the board (crown isyou have a moisture meter to check the mine how we should select from the indi- up), you have a crowned or bowed piece.moisture content, it shouldn t be above vidual boards.This affects your work by not allowing you10-12 percent, depending on where you To begin with, you are paying good to place the pieces side by side to achieve alive.No moisture meter? You can wing money for this lumber, so if you have to larger surface, i.e.gluing a panel together.it by choosing lightweight boards (water pick through every piece in order to get Choose another board.makes them heavy) or buying your wood the best board, so be it! Plan to look at a Once all the selections are made andand letting it acclimate in your house for few pieces.the tests are complete, you have chosena month.The first test is to look at the grain and a quality piece of lumber for your proj-overall appearance of the board.If the col- ect.This may sound like a good deal oforation is off as you view the piece, move trouble but I suggest that you make thesePrime(ary) on to the next one.If the grain doesn t steadfast rules for selecting lumber.Iflook appealing, move on.you bypass them you may find even moreLumber for Next, I suggest that you carry your trouble while building your projects.combination square into the store if In addition to dimensional lumber, youFurniture possible.This will help you check the may also find assembled or glued togetherLumber used most often for furniture is board for cupping (bending from side to panels at your home center.Should you1× material (1×4 or 1×6).Here is the good side) by placing the straightedge against choose these for your furniture? Maybe.news, the variations between the stated the face of the lumber.Areas where the The problem with most assembled pan-measurement and the actual sizes is the straight edge of the square is not in con- els is that they are usually comprised ofsame here as it is on 2× material, except tact with the board will allow you to see a number of narrow pieces.This doesDthat the 1× is actually 3 4" in thickness.light between the edge of the square and not present the best look when staining aThe width variances are identical to the the flat face of the lumber.piece of furniture.But, if paint is your fin-2× lumber.Or, at the ends of the board you can ish of choice for your project take a lookEach home store might have differ- sight along the end grain of the piece to at them.Use the same decision makingent species of this type of lumber for sale.make this determination.If there is a cup process and apply the same tests for theseMostly, you will find pine, poplar and red in the board put it back and check the next panels as you do in selecting dimensionaloak.In my area they also have aspen but piece.Continue until you get the boards lumber for the projects.in other locales across the United States, that you want.they have maple in place of the oak (check Finally, I look at the board from endyour store for species availability).to end, viewing the piece down the edge,The biggest differences between this this will expose any warping, twisting orlumber and the thicker stock previously crowning in the board.discussed are the moisture content and Warping is a defect in lumber wherethe grading.The moisture content in this the boards will move in one or more direc-type of lumber should be in the six- to tions over the length of the piece, whileeight-percent range.twisting will cause the piece to not lay flat.Grading this lumber is the same as the A good way to check for this defect is tothicker stock.In this discussion the lum- lay the piece onto the floor at the store.Ifber from the home stores should be con- one of the corners is off of the floor, presssidered prime, however, you will generally down on that corner.If the diagonal,find #2 pine in these stores and the knots opposing corner raises you have a boardwill be obvious (sometimes you can find with twist.Put this piece back into the#2 pine with clear areas; that allows you to rack and move to the next.You can imag-make small cuttings without the problem ine how this type of problem will affectof knots.And that will save you money).your woodworking.Hardwoods will be better in quality.To discover crowning you also need toPoplar, red oak and other available spe- look at the edge of the stock from the end.cies should be free of large or loose knots (Crowning is when the edge of the boardthroughout the board.Avoid shrink- is bowed, so it isn t straight.) A simple testwrapped lumber.for this is to place the piece on the floorwhile holding it on the edge.If the stockrocks from end to end (crown is down)41 BY CHRISTOPHER SCHWARZDAfter hobbit Frodo Baggins destroys 1 × 8s (71 2" wide) to cover your window.the One Ring in epic film The Return of Don t forget to allow for the gap createdthe King, there s an emotional reunion by the hinges.Each row of hinges willDscene when Frodo wakes up in the city add about 3 16" to the overall width ofof Minas Tirith and is reunited with his your shutters
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